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Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate) Ingredients

Acesulfame Potassium (Acesulfame K)

Acesulfame potassium (aka Acesulfame K) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1967. It is widely used in food and drinks both in the United States and Europe. Acesulfame potassium is roughly 200 times sweeter than normal sucrose, making it about as sweet as aspartame.

Like many other artificial sweeteners, acesulfame potassium has no calories. The body is unable to metabolize acesulfame potassium, allowing it to confer taste without adding nutritive or caloric value.

There are health concerns about acesulfame potassium. The Center for Science in the Public Interest has stated that the FDA was petitioned in 1988 not to approve acesulfame potassium because of studies which seemed to link its use to lung tumors and breast tumors.

Acesulfame K has been shown to stimulate dose-dependent insulin secretion in rats, though no hypoglycemia was observed. In one study conducted by the National Toxicology Program, 60 rats were given acesulfame K for 40 weeks, making up as much as 3% of their total diet (the equivalent to a human consuming 1,343 12-oz cans of artificially sweetened soda a day). There was no sign that these (or lower) levels of acesulfame K increased the rats' risk of cancer.

Info links for Acesulfame Potassium (Acesulfame K)

• Toxicity studies of acesulfame potassium
• Testing Needed for Acesulfame Potassium, an Artificial Sweetener
• FDA approval of Acesulfame Potassium
• Everything You Need to Know About Acesulfame Potassium

Calcium Caseinate

Casein is often listed as sodium caseinate, calcium caseinate or milk protein. Casein is the main protein nearly 80 percent of proteins in cow milk and cheese. It is used as a dietary supplement by bodybuilders and other athletes. Caseinate breaks down at a slower rate than whey protein, thus supplying the body with a sustained protein release over a longer time period.

Caseinate is derived from fresh skim milk and is very high in glutamic acid. It is comprised of 92% protein and, as mentioned above, is very slow to digest. Athletes who require extra protein added to their diets may find many potential benefits from caseinate. Casein proteins stay in the acidic environment of the stomach, releasing helpful muscle-building amino acids for hours longer than other protein powders. Bodybuilders usually take caseinate before bed and with breakfast for that reason. Due to the slow release of proteins, the calcium caseinate can also make you feel full throughout the day, possibly eliminating the desire for unhealthy snacks or unnecessarily high-calorie meals.

Proteins derived from fresh milk are usually high in a glutamic acid, an amino acid essential to building muscles. Amino acids are fuel for a body's metabolism and are created when the body breaks down proteins. Glutamic acids can help not only with feeding the muscles, but with disposing of waste and nitrogen as well.

Info links for Calcium Caseinate

• Calcium caseinate
• calcium caseinate-whey Oral

Canola Oil

Canola oil is pressed from canola seeds produced by the yellow flowering plants of the Brassica (rapeseed) family. Canola is a key ingredient in many foods. Canola oil has many non-food uses, and often replaces non-renewable resources in products including candles, lipsticks, newspaper inks, industrial lubricants and biofuels.

Canola oil is low in saturated fat, high in monounsaturated fat, and has a beneficial omega-3 fatty acid profile. Canola oil has been authorized a qualified health claim from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration based on its ability to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease due to its unsaturated fat content.

Wild rapeseed oil contains significant amounts of erucic acid, a known toxi. Food-grade canola oil was bred to contain less than than 5% erucic acid, a level not believed to cause harm in humans. Though an e-mail has been circulated alleging canola oil can cause dangerous health problems, there is no reason to believe canola oil poses unusual health risks and its consumption in food-grade forms is generally recognized as safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

Info links for Canola Oil

• What is canola
• Canola Oil: Does it Contain Toxins?
• Canola Oil: Latest Internet Hoax Victim

Carrageenan

Carrageenan is a natural polysaccharide (carbohydrate) extracted from algae or seaweed and is typically used as a thickening agent in place of animal-based products like gelatin. Carrageenan is a common ingredient in many foods, such as milk products like yogurt or chocolate milk. Since it's 100% vegetarian Vegetarians use carrageenan as a thickeing agent in place of products like gelatin, since it is 100% vegetarian.

There are two types of carrageenan, undegraded (food-grade) and degraded (hydrolyzed with acid). Undegraded carrageenan has been used on a huge scale in food production worldwide since the 1930s. Chemically treated, degraded carrageenan however, is a known carcinogen (cancer causing agent) and is not used or permitted in food production, but is frequently used to experimentally induce intestinal inflammation in animal studies.

The safety of carrageenan for use in foods was confirmed at the fifty-seventh meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO in June 200l. The JECFA recommended an ADI of 'not specified', the most favorable ADI a food additive can get. The JECFA review was based on extensive studies, some of which were not addressed in the article that questioned the safety of carrageenan. The JECFA consists of an international panel of expert toxicologists that review data pertaining to food additives and contaminates.

Info links for Carrageenan

• Review of harmful gastrointestinal effects of carrageenan in animal experiments
• A re-evaluation of the role of macrophages in carrageenan-induced immunosuppression
• Spectrum and Possible Mechanism of Carrageenan Cytotoxicity

Cellulose Gum

Cellulose gum (carboxymethyl cellulose or CMC) is found in many household products to help thicken, stabilize and emulsify a product. Example sin clude stabilizing a dough product, providing thickness to a gel, or helping to keep two liquids mixed together. Cellulose gum stabilizes proteins, adds texture and mouthfeel, forms oil-resistant film and retains moisture in industrial and processed food products.

Cellulose gum is helpful in stabilizing the pH of protein beverages. It is also used to maintain the sweetness of high-sugar food substances such as fondants, frostings and syrups. Cellulose gum controls the growth of ice crystals in frozen desserts and ice cream.

Info links for Cellulose Gum

• Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum) (466)

Chromium Nicotinate

Chromium is an essential trace mineral that participates in glucose metabolism by enhancing the effects of insulin. Nicotinate and picolinate are two forms of chromium. Proponents of the picolinate form claim that it lowers cholesterol, burns body fat, and increases life span. In a direct comparison against chromium nicotinate, the picolinate source was less effective in supporting the action of insulin.

Chromium is available as a supplement in several forms: chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, chromium picolinate, and high-chromium yeast. Doses typically range from 50 to 200 mcg of elemental chromium. Chromium nicotinate and chromium picolinate may be more bioavailable than chromium chloride.

Processed meats, whole grain products, ready-to-eat bran cereals, green beans, broccoli, and spices are relatively rich in chromium. Foods high in simple sugars, such as sucrose and fructose, are not only low in chromium but have been found to promote chromium loss.

Info links for Chromium Nicotinate

• Chromium

Cocoa Powder, Natural Cocoa Powder, Alkalized cocoa powders

Cocoa powder is the end product of a process that removes a significant portion of the fat or cocoa butter from the cocoa bean. The starting cocoa bean material is usually in the form of chocolate liquor. This liquor contains no alcohol and is the roasted cocoa bean material that has been finely ground and refined into a paste that becomes fluid at temperatures above 104°F (40°C). This fluid is then subjected to a pressing process the removes most of the fat or cocoa butter from the liquor. The resulting material is called cocoa press cake and contains from 10-12% residual cocoa butter. This press cake is then mechanically broken into smaller pieces and ground into a fine powder commonly known as cocoa powder.

Natural cocoa powder comes from pressing cocoa beans with no additional modifications.

Alkalized cocoa powders (AKA Dutched coca powder) comes from chocolate liquid paste that's been treated with mild alkali solutions to raise the pH. Alkalization can be used to create a range of dark brown and red-brown colors that add desirable appearances to some food products that contain cocoa powders. Alkalization can improve taste by reducing some of the sourness and bitterness associated with natural cocoa powders. The alkalization of cocoa powder can also improve the solubility of cocoa powder for better beverage mixing.

Info links for Cocoa Powder, Natural Cocoa Powder, Alkalized cocoa powders

• Natural & Alkalized
• All About Cocoa Powder

Creatine (Creatine Monohydrate)

Many foods (especially herring, salmon, tuna, and beef) contain some creatine. However, the best source of creatine is creatine monohydrate because it contains more creatine per weight than any other source. Creatine Monhydrate is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to all cells in the body by increasing the formation of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Creatine is not an essential nutrient, as it is naturally produced in the human body from amino acids primarily in the kidney and liver. It is transported in the blood for use by muscles. Approximately 95% of the human body's total creatine is located in skeletal muscle.

Creatine supplements are usually used by athletes seeking to gain muscle mass, with typical supplementation being 2 to 3 times what is naturally obtained from a high-protein diet. Research has shown oral creatine supplementation at a rate of 5 to 20 grams per day appears to be safe while at the same time improving the physiological response to resistance exercise. Even though studies have shown little or no adverse impact on kidney or liver function from oral creatine supplementation, individuals with kidney or liver disease should consult a physician before using this supplement.

There are two main methods of creatine supplementation.

1. Loading works very well for anyone who has never taken creatine. During the first four days to a week, take 20 to 30 grams per day mixed with non-acidic juice or water. After this loading period, take a regular intake of between five to fifteen grams per day to keep your muscles.

2. Skip the loading phase and just supplement with five to fifteen grams per day, everyday. The best results have been noticed when creatine is combined with a high carbohydrate base, such as dextrose (glucose) and taken about 30 minutes before training.

Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is a common vitamer of the vitamin B12 family. A form of vitamin B12 called hydroxocobalamin is produced by bacteria, and then changed to cyanocobalamin in the process of being purified in activated charcoal columns after being separated from the bacterial cultures. Cyanocobalamin is the vitamin B12 that is found in most meat and meat products, and in most vitamin B12 supplements.

Cyanocobalamin usually does not even occur in nature, and is not one of the forms of the vitamin that are directly used in the body. However, animals and humans can convert cyanocobalamin to active (cofactor) forms of the vitamin.

Vitamin B12 is important for growth, cell reproduction, blood formation, and protein and tissue synthesis. Sources include organ meats, meat, fish, eggs, milk and cheese. Vitamin B12 is not found in vegetables. The liver is the main storage site of vitamin B12. The human body stores about 4mcg of Vitamin B12 (2 in the liver and 2 elsewhere). These stores are enough to last for one to three years.

RDA is very small, being just 1mcg daily for adults and as little as .2mcg for children.

Info links for Cyanocobalamin

• Cyanocobalamin Official FDA information, side effects and uses

Folic Acid (Folacin)

Folic acid (folate in its natural form) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin. Folic acid is the form most often used in vitamin supplements and fortified foods. The human body needs folate to synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate. Children and adults both require folic acid to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia. Leafy vegetables are a principal source, although, in Western diets, fortified cereals and bread may be a larger dietary source.

Folate deficiency is most often caused by a dietary insufficiency. Alcoholism is associated with low dietary intake and diminished absorption of folate, which can lead to folate deficiency. Additionally, certain conditions such as pregnancy or cancer result in increased rates of cell division and metabolism, causing an increase in the body's demand for folate.

Traditionally, the dietary folate requirement was defined as the amount needed to prevent a deficiency severe enough to cause symptoms like anemia. The most recent RDA (1998) was based primarily on the adequacy of red blood cell folate concentrations. Red cell folate has been shown to correlate with liver folate stores. Because pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in cell division and other metabolic processes that require folate coenzymes, the RDA for pregnant women is considerably higher.

Info links for Folic Acid (Folacin)

• Folic Acid
• Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Folate
• Health Professionals Recommendations, Folic Acid, NCBDDD, CDC
• Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults
• Folic Acid The Vitamin That Does Almost Everything

L-Isoleucine

L-Isoleucine is an isomer of Leucine. L-Isoleucine is metabolized in muscle tissue. Isoleucine is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it, so it must be ingested. Isoleucine is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid. Even though this amino acid is not produced in animals, it is stored in high quantities. Foods that have high amounts of isoleucine include eggs, soy protein, seaweed, turkey, chicken, lamb, cheese, and fish.

L-Isoleucine is one of three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), the other two being L-Leucine and L-Valine. These BCAAs can be obtained in the diet through animal and vegetable sources. L-Isoleucine is important in hemoglobulin synthesis and in the regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

L-leucine (Leucine)

L-leucine (leucine) is an essential amino acid. The human body doesn't produce L-leucine, which means it must obtained through dietary protein. Leucine can help to enhance the flavor of many different types of food.

In the body, leucine is produced by the process of hydrolysis. The amino acid is used in muscle tissue, the liver, and in adipose (fat) tissue. In the case of muscle and adipose tissue, leucine is one of the components needed to form sterols.

One important role of Leucine is to help the body maintain proper blood glucose level. Leucine also helps maintain the various muscle systems in the body. One of the most important benefits is that leucine can help to delay the deterioration of muscle tissue while enhancing the production of muscle proteins. For people who are physically active, this means the muscles do not tire as easily and also do not begin to break down under stress as quickly. Proper levels of leucine help the body heal more efficiently and aid in hormone production.

Info links for L-leucine (Leucine)

• Potential antiproteolytic effects of L-leucine

L-Valine

L-Valine is one of 20 proteogenic amino acids and one of three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). The other two are L-leucine and L-isoleucine. L-Valine is derived from animal and vegetable protein and is involved in glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, and regulation of the immune system. There is some evidence that L-valine is involved in muscle metabolism, the maintenance of nitrogen balance in the body, and exercise recovery time.

L-Valine can not be made by the body, and must be acquired through food or dietary supplements. L-Valine can be found in fish, peanuts, sesame seeds, lentils, cottage cheese and poultry. Some believe this amino acid to help enhance performance levels, prevent muscle breakdown after a tough workout, and help preserve muscle tissues.

Maltodextrin

Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spraydried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavorless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy.

Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)

Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) are a unique form of dietary fat. Dietary fats are molecules composed of individual carbon atoms linked into chains ranging from 2 to 22 carbon atoms in length. Long Chain Fatty acids (LCTs) ranging from 12 to 18 carbons long are the predominant form of fat in the American diet. MCTs are composed of 6 to 10 carbon links.

MCTs provide about 10% fewer calories than LCTs, about 8.3 calories per gram for versus 9 calories per gram for LCTs. The reduced chain length means MCTs are more rapidly absorbed by the body and more quickly metabolized. The result is that MCTs are very efficiently converted into fuel for immediate use by organs and muscles.

Unlike other fats, MCTs put little strain on the digestive system and provide a quick source of energy necessary to promote healing. MCTs are considered essential nutrients for infants as well as for people with serious digestive problems.

Info links for Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)

• Medium-chain triglycerides
• Coconut Oil and Medium-Chain Triglycerides
• Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)
• MCT Info And Products

Milk Protein Isolate

As one of three forms of casein protein, milk protein isolate occurs naturally in cow's milk and includes a combination of casein and whey proteins. Casein protein composes about 80 percent of the protein in cow's milk while whey protein makes up the remaining 20 percent.

Milk Protein Isolate is produced by a proprietary micro filtration process that purifies the milk protein found in milk into a highly concentrated form. The low fat content, low lactose content, excellent solubility, and milk-like flavor make it a unique ingredient for low fat and low carbohydrate product applications and nutritional supplements.

Monosodium Phosphate

Monosodium phosphate (anhydrous monobasic sodium phosphate) is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid and is a water-soluble acid. It is added to food to act as an antioxidant synergist, a stabiliser and a buffer.

Monosodium phosphate is a compound of the elements sodium and phosphate counterion. It is often found in dental products due to its enamel-restoring qualities and it is sometimes used in medicine as a laxative. It is found in some toothpastes in combination with other ingredients to prevent cavities and restore lost enamel. It can also be purchased separately as a tooth cleanser and protectant.

Supplements of monosodium phosphate are available to be taken orally to supplement phosphorous in the diet. It is important not to overdose on these supplements because they can be hard on the kidneys if taken in amounts higher than recommended.

In medicine, monosodium phosphate is sometimes used as a stimulant laxative before certain operations and medical procedures. Because of the risk of health complications, patients should not take medical grade versions of monosodium phosphate without being under the supervision of a physician.Those with kidney disease may not be recommended these supplements.

Potassium Chloride

Potassium chloride (KCI) is a chemical compound of potassium and chlorine. It's considered a halide salt, which means that it contains a halogen atom and is crystalline in structure.

Potassium chloride can be mined from a mineral known as sylvite or extracted from salt water. It's a byproduct when nitric acid is made from potassium nitrate and hydrochloric acid.

Potassium chloride is the main positive ion inside the body's cells and is needed for normal bodily functions. It's found in electrolyte compounds along with sodium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen phosphate, and hydrogen carbonate, and helps restore the body's electrolyte and water levels as a way to help prevent and treat dehydration.

In too great a dose, potassium can be dangerous and cause death, hence it use as one of the three drugs administered in cases of lethal injection and during abortion procedures to stop the heart of the fetus.

Info links for Potassium Chloride

• Potassium Chloride Information

Potassium Citrate

Potassium citrate is a potassium salt of citric acid. It is a white, slightly hygroscopic crystalline powder, odorless, and with a saline taste. As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity.

Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when take orally and is excreted in the urine as the carbonate. It is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination caused by highly acidic urine. It is used as a non-irritating diuretic.

Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout and arrhythmia with hypokalemic patients. It is also used to treat kidney stones. A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of incidents. It is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a water-soluble supplement used to treat pyridoxine deficiencies. It's one of the forms of vitamin B6, used as the hydrochloride salt in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and as an antidote in cycloserine and isoniazid poisoning.

It functions as a coenzyme essential for the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate, the production of antibodies, the formation of heme in hemoglobin, the formation of hormones important in brain function, the proper absorption of vitamin B12, the production of hydrochloric acid and magnesium, and the maintenance of the balance of sodium and potassium, which regulates body fluids and the functioning of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems.

Found in meats (especially organ meats), whole-grain cereals, soybeans, peanuts, wheat germ, and brewer's yeast. Milk and green vegetables supply smaller amounts. Vitamin B6 is safe for adults in dosages up to 200mg per day. Taking more for a prolonged period of time could result in damage to the sensory nerves. The list of possible mild side effects includes numbness, drowsiness, loss of coordination, poor circulation, low serum folic acid levels, photosensitivity and irritation at the injection site if injected. Usually, side effects will stop once you stop taking the supplement, but some symptoms can linger.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride has been used to treat a variety symptoms, including pesticide poisoning, premenstrual symptoms, hyperoxaluria type I, morning sickness, carpal tunnel syndrome, sideroblastic anemia associated with high serum iron, tardive dyskinesia, acne, asthma, alcohol intoxication, hemorrhoids and stimulation of appetite.

Several drugs interfere with the use of pyridoxine hydrochloride, notably isoniazid and penicillamine, and supplements of the vitamin are recommended with the use of these drugs. The need for increased amounts of is related to protein intake and occurs during pregnancy, lactation, exposure to radiation, cardiac failure, aging, and use of oral contraceptives.

Info links for Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)

• Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
• Definition of pyridoxine hydrochloride

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is naturally available in a variety of foods and may be used as a preservative or additive in some packaged foods. Riboflavin helps the body by stimulating the metabolism and assisting in digestion and nutrient absorbtion.

Sources of riboflavin include milk, soybeans, most leafy green vegetables, cheese, fish, meat, and nuts. Those who eat a healthy diet do not typically need to supplement with riboflavin.

Though riboflavin deficiency is rare, it can result in cracked lips, ulcers in the mouth, an inflamed tongue, and sore throat. Eyes may get bloodshot, and on blood tests, low iron levels or anemia is often found. Riboflavin deficiency is most common in people with diseases of the bowel, HIV, in people with eating disorders, and in women taking birth control pills. The recommended daily amount (RDA) is 1.3 mg for men and 1.1 mg for women.

Info links for Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

• Riboflavin: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
• Riboflavin - Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University

Sodium Caseinate

Casein is often listed as sodium caseinate, calcium caseinate or milk protein. Casein is the main protein nearly 80 percent of proteins in cow milk and cheese. It is used as a dietary supplement by bodybuilders and other athletes. Caseinate breaks down at a slower rate than whey protein, thus supplying the body with a sustained protein release over a longer time period.

Caseinate is derived from fresh skim milk and is very high in glutamic acid. It is comprised of 92% protein and, as mentioned above, is very slow to digest. Athletes who require extra protein added to their diets may find many potential benefits from caseinate. Casein proteins stay in the acidic environment of the stomach, releasing helpful muscle-building amino acids for hours longer than other protein powders. Bodybuilders usually take caseinate before bed and with breakfast for that reason. Due to the slow release of proteins, the calcium caseinate can also make you feel full throughout the day, possibly eliminating the desire for unhealthy snacks or unnecessarily high-calorie meals.

Proteins derived from fresh milk are usually high in a glutamic acid, an amino acid essential to building muscles. Amino acids are fuel for a body's metabolism and are created when the body breaks down proteins. Glutamic acids can help not only with feeding the muscles, but with disposing of waste and nitrogen as well.

Sodium Hexametaphosphate

Sodium Hexametaphosphate (aka sodium metaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, and Graham's salt)is an emulsifier, sequestering agent, and texturizer used in breakfast cereals, angel food cake, flaked fish, ice cream, ice milk, bottled beverages, reconstituted lemon juice, puddings, processed cheeses, artificially sweetened jellies, potable water supplies to prevent scale formation and corrosion, and in pumping pickle for curing hams and shoulders, etc.

Because it keeps calcium, magnesium, and iron salts in solution, it is an excellent water softener and detergent. Sodium hexametaphosphate is also a whitening ingredient included in some whitening toothpastes and mouthwashes.

Info links for Sodium Hexametaphosphate

• Use of phosphates (including sodium hexametaphosphate) in industry

Soy Lecithin

Soy lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids derived from the processing of soybeans and generally used as a natural emollient in various food and industrial applications. Soy lecithin is lecithin derived from soybeans.

Lecithins are oily substances that occur naturally in plants (soybeans) and animals (egg yolks). Soy lecithin is extracted from soybeans either mechanically or chemically. Some people use it as a supplement, because it has a high value of the nutrient choline. Choline is good for heart health and brain development.

The emulsifying properties of lecithin have led to its use for promoting solidity in margarine, as coating for chocolates and other food, to give consistent textures to creams and dressings, and to avoid oil splattering during frying. It has also been useful for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications and in other industries such as textiles, paints, waxes and lubricants.

Sucralose (Splenda)

Sucralose is a zero calorie artificial sweetener discovered in 1976 and is 600 times sweeter than sugar. The human body doesn't metabolize sucralose, thus it does not any usable calories or energy. It is made from sugar by substituting three alcohol groups on the sugar molecule with three chlorine atoms to create sucralose.

Sucralose belongs to a class of compounds known as organochlorides (chlorocarbons). Some organochlorides are toxic. Sucralose is not known to be toxic in small quantities and doesn't accumulate in fat like chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Sucralose is an ingredient in more than 4,500 food and beverage products. Sucralose is one of two artificial sweeteners ranked as "safe" by the consumer advocacy group Center for Science in the Public Interest. Results from over 100 studies in the FDA approval process indicated a lack of risk associated with sucralose intake. Some adverse effects, however, were seen at doses significantly higher than the estimated daily intake of 1 mg/lb/day. The bulk of sucralose ingested is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is directly excreted in the feces. The amount that is absorbed from the GI tract (11 - 27%) is mostly removed by the kidneys and eliminated in the urine with an estimate 20-30% of the absorbed sucralose being metabolized.

A study found evidence that doses of Splenda equivalent to sucralose at 1.1 to 11 mg/kg reduced the amount of good bacteria in the intestines of rats by up to 50%, increased pH level in the intestines, contributed to increases in bodyweight, and affected the levels of P-glycoprotein. These effects have not been reported in humans. Other studies suggest sucralose as a possible trigger for some migraine patients and linked large doses of sucralose to DNA damage in mice.

Allergic reactions to sucralose have not been documented, but individuals sensitive to maltodextrin should consult a physician about using any sweeteners containing this bulking agent.

Info links for Sucralose (Splenda)

• A Report on Sucralose from the Food Sanitation Council
• Sucralose: An Overview
• Toxicity of sucralose in humans: a review
• Sucralose safety 'scientifically sound': Expert panel

Sunflower Oil

Sunflower oil is a non-volatile oil from sunflower seeds, commonly used in food as a frying oil and in cosmetic formulations as an emollient. Sunflower oil is used for constipation and lowering LDL Cholesterol. Some people apply sunflower oil directly to the skin to help heal wounds, skin injuries, psoriasis, and arthritis.

Sunflower oil is used as a source of unsaturated fat in the diet to replace saturated fats. A diet high in sunflower oil seems to increase fasting insulin, blood sugar levelsand after-meal blood fats. This might increase the chance of developing atherosclerosis in people with type 2 diabetes.

Sunflower oil may cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae plant family, which includes ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many others.

Sunflower oil is high in the essential vitamin E and low in saturated fat. Linoleic sunflower oil is a common cooking oil with high levels of polyunsaturated fat and low levels of trans fat. High oleic sunflower oils have monounsaturated levels of 80% and above.

Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1)

A water-soluble component of the B vitamin complex found particularly in pork, organ meats, legumes, nuts, and whole grain or enriched breads and cereals. The active form is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP the active form of thiamine, serving as a coenzyme in a variety of reactions, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism), which serves as a coenzyme in various reactions. Deficiency can result in beriberi and is a factor in alcoholic neuritis and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Also written also thiamin.

Thiamine plays a key role in the metabolic breakdown of glucose to yield energy in body tissues. It isn't stored in the body and must be supplied through diet. A deficiency mainly affects the nervous system, circulation, and the GI tract.

The RDA in most countries is set at about 1.4mg for an adult. However, tests on female volunteers at daily doses of about 50 mg have claimed an increase in mental acuity. There are no reports available of adverse effects from consumption of excess thiamine by ingestion of food and supplements. Because the data is inadequate for a quantitative risk assessment, no Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) can be derived.

Info links for Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1)

• Thiamine's Mood-Mending Qualities
• Thiamine Hydrochloride Information
• The potential role of thiamine (vitamin B(1)) in diabetic complications
• Thiamine, thiamine phosphates and their metabolizing enzymes in human brain

Tricalcium Phosphate

Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. The natural form is not completely pure. The skeletons and teeth of vertebrate animals are composed of calcium phosphate, mainly hydroxyapatite.

Tricalcium phosphate is used as an anti-caking agent, a raising agent, and in cheese products. It is also used as a nutritional supplement and occurs naturally in cow milk. The most common forms for supplementation are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate.

Info links for Tricalcium Phosphate

• Calcium supplementation in clinical practice
• Tricalcium Phosphate

Whey

Whey is actually a by-product of cheese making, formed when the curds separate from the milk or cream. After the cheese curds are formed, the remaining thin, watery liquid is called whey. Whey can be made from any type of milk, but cow's milk is the most popular in the United States.

Whey is an excellent source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and lactose and is the base of many protein mixtures. Research has shown whey contributes to the prevention of atrophy of muscular cells.

Where to buy Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate)

Below are links to online stores selling Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate) and the date the link was added. The older the link, the more likely you'll click through to find the supplement is no longer available. If you're a ProhormoneDB member, you can add buy links to help out the community!

ProSource.net, 12x20-ounce bottles - $36.95 (1/5/2011) A1 Supplement Monster Milk 12-pack (20oz) - $39.95 (4/12/2011) Bodybuilding.com, 12x20-ounce bottles - $39.99 (1/5/2011) Amazon Search Results for Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate) (might not have anything to do with supplements!) CytoSport Muscle Milk Light, Ready-to-Drink Shake, Chocolate, 14 Ounce, (Pack of 12) CytoSport Muscle Milk Light Ready-to-Drink (RTD) is a convenient way to get the great taste of Muscle Milk with 30 percent fewer calories. Muscle Milk Light RTD delivers the same blend of premium proteins, functional fats, and vitamins and minerals found in original Muscle Millk. Designed specifically to enhance lean muscle while reducing caloric intake, every flavor of Muscle Milk Light RTD is sugar free, lactose free, and gluten free. CytoSport Muscle Milk Ready-to-Drink Shake, Chocolate, 17 Ounce Cartons (Pack of 12) CytoSport Muscle Milk Ready-to-Drink (RTD) is a protein-enhanced beverage that promotes lean muscle growth and recovery from exercise. Muscle Milk delivers a blend of premium proteins, carbohydrates, functional fats, plus 20 vitamins and minerals. It's a great-tasting source of portable nutrition. Cytosport - Monster Milk Chocolate, 12 drinks Company: Cytosport List Price: $63.00 Amazon Price: $42.89

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Links to Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate) information, reviews and logs

Here's a list to of links where you can get additional information about Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate), including reviews, logs, and other information. Members can help out the community by adding additional links!

• CytoSport Monster Milk RTD Reviews (Added on 2/16/2011)

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Comments on Monster Milk RTD (Chocolate)

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